Many reproductive rights activists had never heard of the Comstock Act until Judge Matthew Kacsmaryk used it as part of his reasoning to seek a ban on a key abortion medication. This obscure law, passed in 1873, was meant to prohibit the sending of "obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious" materials through the U.S. mail, but it was also interpreted to include banning the mailing of medical tools and information related to abortions and contraception. The law has been criticized as unconstitutional and outdated, but its language and intent have been resurrected by conservative judges to justify anti-abortion rulings. The Comstock Act has not been broadly enforced since the early 20th century, but it still appears in some state criminal statutes. The National Abortion Federation has reported that anti-abortion activists have used Comstock laws to target abortion providers in Indiana and Illinois. As with previous legal challenges to Roe v. Wade, advocates fear that small, seemingly insignificant laws will be used to slowly erode access to abortion, particularly medication abortion, which now accounts for more than half of all U.S. abortions.